Chemical reactions involve the breaking and forming of bonds from "summary" of Chemistry by Russell Kuhtz
Chemical reactions are fundamental processes in chemistry that involve the transformation of one or more substances into different substances. At the heart of these transformations is the breaking and forming of chemical bonds. When chemical bonds are broken, the original substances are decomposed into simpler components. Conversely, when new bonds are formed, these simpler components combine to create new substances. The breaking of bonds requires energy input, which is known as an endothermic process. This energy is needed to overcome the forces holding the atoms together in a stable configuration. Once these bonds are broken, the atoms are free to rearrange and form new bonds with other atoms. This rearrangement results in the formation of different molecules with unique chemical properties. On the other hand, the formation of bonds releases energy, known as an exothermic process. This energy is released as the atoms come together and bond with each other, resulting in a more stable configuration. The energy released during bond formation is often observed as heat or light, depending on the specific reaction. The breaking and forming of bonds in a chemical reaction is governed by the principle of conservation of mass. This principle states that matter is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction, only rearranged. Therefore, the total mass of the reactants must equal the total mass of the products in a balanced chemical equation. Understanding how bonds are broken and formed in chemical reactions is essential for predicting the products of a reaction and determining the energy changes involved. By studying the interactions between atoms and molecules at the molecular level, chemists can unravel the complexities of chemical reactions and develop a deeper understanding of the composition and behavior of matter.
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