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Catherine dealt with uprisings and revolts from "summary" of Catherine the Great by Robert K. Massie
Catherine faced numerous challenges during her reign as Empress of Russia, including uprisings and revolts that threatened to destabilize her rule. One of the most significant uprisings was the Pugachev Rebellion, led by a Cossack named Emelian Pugachev in 1773. Pugachev claimed to be Catherine's deceased husband, Peter III, and gathered a large following of discontented peasants, Cossacks, and other groups opposed to Catherine's rule. The rebellion quickly gained momentum, with Pugachev's forces capturing towns and cities across southern Russia. Catherine responded decisively, mobilizing her army to crush the rebellion and ordering the execution of Pugachev once he was captured. The rebellion was brutally suppressed, with thousands of rebels killed and Pugachev himself executed in 1775. In addition to the Pugachev Rebellion, Catherine also faced other uprisings and revolts during her reign. The most notable of these was the 1768-1774 Russo-Turkish War, which was sparked by a revolt in Poland and ultimately led to conflict between Russia and the Ottoman Empire. Catherine's forces emerged victorious in the war, gaining territory in the Black Sea region and solidifying Russia's position as a major European power. Throughout her reign, Catherine demonstrated a strong hand in dealing with uprisings and revolts, using a combination of military force, diplomacy, and political maneuvering to maintain stability and control in her vast empire. Despite facing numerous challenges, Catherine's rule was characterized by a firm commitment to modernization and reform, as well as a ruthless determination to protect her power and authority.
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