Joints of upper limbs from "summary" of Bd Chaurasia's Human Anatomy, Volume 1 by B. D. Chaurasia
The joints of the upper limbs play a crucial role in the intricate movements of the arms, forearms, wrists, and hands. These joints are essential for performing various activities such as lifting, pushing, pulling, and grasping objects. Understanding the structure and function of these joints is vital for medical professionals, especially those specializing in orthopedics and rehabilitation. The upper limb joints can be broadly classified into two categories: synovial joints and non-synovial joints. Synovial joints are characterized by the presence of a joint cavity filled with synovial fluid, which lubricates and nourishes the joint surfaces. These joints allow for a wide range of movements, including flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation. Examples of synovial joints in the upper limbs include the shoulder joint, elbow joint, wrist joint, and finger joints. Non-synovial joints, on the other hand, lack a joint cavity and are held together by fibrous tissue or cartilage. These joints are more stable but have limited mobility compared to synovial joints. Examples of non-synovial joints in the upper limbs include the sternoclavicular joint and the acromioclavicular joint. The shoulder joint, also known as the glenohumeral joint, is a ball-and-socket joint formed by the articulation of the head of the humerus with the glenoid cavity of the scapula. This joint allows for a wide range of movements, making it one of the most mobile joints in the body. However, this mobility comes at the cost of stability, making the shoulder joint prone to dislocations and injuries. The elbow joint is a hinge joint formed by the articulation of the humerus with the radius and ulna bones of the forearm. This joint allows for flexion and extension movements of the forearm, essential for activities such as lifting and carrying objects. The elbow joint is supported by strong ligaments and muscles, which help stabilize the joint and prevent dislocations. The wrist joint is a complex joint formed by the articulation of multiple bones, including the radius, ulna, and carpal bones. This joint allows for a wide range of movements, including flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and circumduction. The wrist joint is supported by ligaments and muscles, which provide stability and control during fine motor activities such as writing and typing. In summary, the joints of the upper limbs are critical for
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