Fundamental rights from "summary" of A Theory of Justice, Revised Edition by John Rawls,Professor John Rawls
Fundamental rights are those basic liberties and freedoms that are considered essential for individuals in a just society. These rights are seen as necessary for individuals to lead a fulfilling and meaningful life, and they form the foundation of a just social order. In considering the concept of fundamental rights, it is important to recognize that these rights are not granted by the state or any other external authority. Instead, they are inherent to individuals by virtue of their status as free and equal moral beings. Fundamental rights are typically thought to include such things as the right to life, liberty, and property, as well as rights to freedom of speech, assembly, and religion. These rights are seen as essential for individuals to pursue their own conception of the good and to participate fully in the social and political life of their community. In this way, fundamental rights are closely linked to the idea of human dignity and the value of individual autonomy. One of the key challenges in thinking about fundamental rights is determining the scope and limits of these rights. While it is clear that individuals should have certain basic freedoms and protections, it is also important to recognize that these rights may come into conflict with one another or with the interests of society as a whole. In such cases, it may be necessary to balance competing rights and interests in order to ensure a fair and just outcome. In developing a theory of justice, it is essential to consider how fundamental rights can be protected and upheld within a society. This may involve creating legal and institutional mechanisms to safeguard these rights, as well as fostering a culture of respect for individual liberties and freedoms. By recognizing and respecting fundamental rights, a society can ensure that all individuals have the opportunity to live a life of dignity and worth.
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