Noncooperation and civil disobedience movements from "summary" of A Brief History of Modern India by Rajiv Ahir
The noncooperation movement was a significant turning point in India's struggle for independence. It was launched by Mahatma Gandhi in response to the Jallianwala Bagh massacre in 1919. The movement aimed to challenge British authority through nonviolent means, such as boycotting government institutions, schools, and foreign goods. This mass mobilization of Indians from different walks of life demonstrated unity and strength in their fight against colonial rule. Civil disobedience, another form of protest, was initiated as a follow-up to the noncooperation movement. It involved breaking unjust laws and peacefully accepting the conseque...
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