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Quantum fluctuations create particles from "summary" of A Breif History of Time and the Universe in a Nutshell by Stephen Hawking

Quantum fluctuations are a fundamental aspect of the quantum theory of particles and fields. These fluctuations are present even in empty space, where particles and fields are constantly popping in and out of existence. This may sound strange, but it is a well-established phenomenon in the world of quantum mechanics. In quantum mechanics, particles are described by wave functions that represent the probability of finding the particle in a particular location. These wave functions can fluctuate, leading to the spontaneous creation of particle-antiparticle pairs. These pairs exist for a brief moment before annihilating each other, releas...
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    A Breif History of Time and the Universe in a Nutshell

    Stephen Hawking

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