Quantum tunneling allows particles to penetrate barriers from "summary" of The Principles of Quantum Mechanics by P. A. M. Dirac
According to the principles of quantum mechanics, particles possess wave-like properties. This means that they can exhibit behaviors such as interference and diffraction, similar to waves. When a particle encounters a barrier that it does not have enough energy to overcome classically, there is still a non-zero probability that it can "tunnel" through the barrier. This phenomenon is a result of the wave nature of particles. The wave function of the particle extends beyond the barrier, allowing for a small but finite probability of finding the particle on the other side. This probability decreases exponentially with the thickness and height of the barrier, but it never drops to zero. Quantum tunneling is a purely quantum mechanical effect that has no classical analogue. In...
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