Balance between freedom and social utility from "summary" of Utilitarianism and On Liberty by John Stuart Mill
The principle of utility, or the greatest happiness principle, states that actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness, wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness. This principle holds that the ultimate end, with reference to and for the sake of which all other things are desirable, is an existence exempt as far as possible from pain, and as rich as possible in enjoyments. However, this does not mean that individual freedom should be sacrificed for the greater good of society. On the contrary, individual freedom is crucial for the overall happiness of society. People should have the liberty to pursue their own interests and make their own choices, as long as they do not harm others. This freedom is essential for the development of individuality and diversity, which contribute to the richness of society. At the same time, there is a need to balance individual freedom with social utility. Society has the right to interfere with the actions of individuals when those actions have the potential to harm others. This interference is justified by the harm principle, which states that the only purpose for which power can be rightfully exercised over any member of a civilized community, against his will, is to prevent harm to others.- The balance between freedom and social utility is crucial for the functioning of a just and harmonious society. Individuals should be free to pursue their own interests and develop their individuality, as long as they do not harm others. Society, on the other hand, has the right to intervene when necessary to prevent harm to others and promote the overall happiness and well-being of its members. This balance is essential for the flourishing of both individuality and society as a whole.
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