Van der Waals equation improves gas models from "summary" of Thermodynamics and an Introduction to Thermostatistics by Herbert B. Callen
The Van der Waals equation offers an improvement over the ideal gas model by taking into account the finite volume occupied by gas particles and the attractive forces between them. In the ideal gas model, it is assumed that gas particles have zero volume and do not interact with one another. However, in reality, gas particles do have a finite volume and experience attractive forces that cause deviations from ideal behavior. By incorporating the finite volume of gas particles into the equation, the Van der Waals equation provides a more accurate description of gas behavior, especially at high pressures and low temperatures where the ideal gas model fails to predict experimental observations. The correction for particle volume in the Van der Waals equation results in a lower pressure than predicted by the ideal gas model, as the actu...
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