The second law of thermodynamics restricts processes from "summary" of Thermodynamics and an Introduction to Thermostatistics by Herbert B. Callen
The second law of thermodynamics plays a fundamental role in dictating the direction in which natural processes can occur. It imposes restrictions on the possible transformations of energy and matter within a closed system. This law states that in any process, the total entropy of the system and its surroundings will either remain constant for a reversible process or increase for an irreversible process. Entropy, a measure of disorder or randomness in a system, tends to increase over time in an isolated system. This means that spontaneous processes tend to move towards a state of greater disorder. According to the second law, it is i...
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