Statistical thermodynamics applies to large systems from "summary" of Thermodynamics and an Introduction to Thermostatistics by Herbert B. Callen
Statistical thermodynamics deals with the behavior of a system on the basis of the statistics of the motion of its individual particles. This approach is fundamentally different from the classical thermodynamics that deals with the macroscopic properties of a system. By analyzing the statistical behavior of a large number of particles, statistical thermodynamics aims to provide a microscopic understanding of thermodynamic phenomena. In statistical thermodynamics, the properties of a system are described in terms of the probabilities of different states that the system can occupy. This statistical description becomes increasingly accurate as the number of particles in the system increases. For large systems consisting of a vast number of particles, the statistical approach becomes high...
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