Entropy maximization leads to equilibrium from "summary" of Thermodynamics and an Introduction to Thermostatistics by Herbert B. Callen
The concept that entropy maximization leads to equilibrium is a fundamental principle in the study of thermodynamics. Entropy, a measure of the disorder or randomness of a system, tends to increase over time until it reaches a maximum value. When a system is in equilibrium, its entropy is at a maximum and there is no further tendency for the system to change.
To understand why entropy maximization leads to equilibrium, it is important to consider the concept of microstates and macrostates. A microstate is a specific configuration of the individual particles in a system, while a macrostate is a description of the system as a whole. The entropy of a system is a measure of the number of microstates that correspond to a particular macrostate.
When a system is not in equilibrium, there is a tendency for the system to evolve towards a...
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