Anomalies challenge paradigms from "summary" of The Structure of Scientific Revolutions by Thomas S. Kuhn
In its role as a scientific theory, a paradigm is a constellation of accomplishments - concepts, values, techniques, and standards for a community of practitioners. It is also a set of beliefs that one can learn about from elementary school science textbooks. As such, it is a set of established practices, beliefs, and shared values that guide scientific investigation. However, this is not a complete or entirely accurate depiction of what paradigms are and how they function within the scientific community. Anomalies, on the other hand, are data that cannot be readily explained within the existing paradigm. These are the instances where the paradigm fails to account for certain observations, experiments, or phenomena. Anomalies are not just deviations from the norm; they are challenges to the very foundations of the paradigm. They represent a discord between what is expected to be true according to the paradigm and what is actually observed in the natural world. When an...
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