Evolution occurs through mechanisms like natural selection from "summary" of The Structure of Evolutionary Theory by Stephen Jay Gould
The central principle of evolution is natural selection, a process in which certain traits are favored over others due to their ability to confer a reproductive advantage upon their possessors. This mechanism drives the gradual change of species over time, as those individuals with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and pass on their genes to future generations. Natural selection operates on variation within a population, selecting for traits that increase an organism's chances of survival and reproduction in a given environment. In addition to natural ...
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