The Middle Ages brought feudalism and the Crusades from "summary" of The Story of Mankind (Updated Edition) (Liveright Classics) by Hendrik Willem van Loon,John Merriman
During the Middle Ages, Europe underwent significant changes that shaped the course of history. One of the most important developments during this time was the rise of feudalism. Feudalism was a social system that emerged in response to the weakening of central authority in Europe. In this system, land was the basis of wealth and power, and loyalty was exchanged for protection. Lords granted land, called fiefs, to vassals in exchange for military service and loyalty. This decentralized system of governance allowed for the establishment of local power structures that provided stability in a time of uncertainty. Feudalism had far-reaching effects on society during the Middle Ages. It created a hierarchical social order in which kings, nobles, knights, and peasants each had their place and responsibilities. The feudal system also influenced the economy, as land became the primary source of wealth and production. Furthermore, feudalism shaped cultural practices and norms, as the relationships between lords and vassals were based on codes of honor and duty. In addition to feudalism, the Middle Ages were also marked by the Crusades. The Crusades were a series of religious wars fought between Christians and Muslims over control of the Holy Land. The Pope called for the Crusades in response to the Muslim conquest of Jerusalem, which was considered a holy city by Christians. The Crusades were fueled by religious fervor, as many believed that they were fighting for God and the salvation of their souls. The Crusades had a profound impact on Europe and the Middle East. They brought about cultural exchanges between Western Europe and the Muslim world, leading to the spread of knowledge and ideas. The Crusades also influenced European society by fostering a spirit of adventure and exploration. Additionally, the Crusades had economic consequences, as they stimulated trade and commerce between Europe and the Middle East.- The Middle Ages were a period of significant change and development in Europe. Feudalism and the Crusades were two key aspects of this era that shaped the social, political, and cultural landscape of the time. These developments laid the foundation for the modern world and continue to influence our understanding of history.
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