They have complex cognitive abilities from "summary" of The Soul of an Octopus by Sy Montgomery
With their large brains—larger than those of any other invertebrate—and their elaborate nervous systems, octopuses possess remarkable cognitive abilities. They exhibit complex behaviors that suggest a high level of intelligence. For example, they can solve puzzles, use tools, and even play. Their ability to learn from and remember past experiences indicates a sophisticated level of cognition. In addition to their problem-solving skills, octopuses demonstrate a capacity for emotional depth. They can exhibit curiosity, playfulness, and even affection towards certain individuals. This emotional intelligence adds another dimension to their already impressive cognitive abilities. Furthermore, octopuses show a level of self-awareness that is uncommon in the animal kingdom. They are known to recognize themselves in mirrors, a trait that is typically associated with highly intelligent animals like dolphins and great apes. This self-awareness suggests a level of consciousness that is truly remarkable for a creature with such a different evolutionary history from mammals.- The cognitive abilities of octopuses challenge our understanding of intelligence and consciousness. These creatures possess a complexity of mind that is both fascinating and humbling. By studying octopuses and their behaviors, we gain insight into the diversity of cognitive abilities that can arise in the natural world. Their intelligence is a reminder of the vast potential for cognition that exists beyond the boundaries of our own species.
