Octopuses communicate through a variety of means from "summary" of The Soul of an Octopus by Sy Montgomery
Octopuses communicate through a variety of means. They can change color and texture to convey emotions and intentions. Color changing is a primary mode of communication for octopuses. Their skin contains cells called chromatophores, which contain pigment and can expand or contract to change color. By altering the size of these cells, octopuses can produce a wide range of colors and patterns. They can blend in with their surroundings, camouflage themselves, or display vibrant hues to signal their mood. In addition to changing color, octopuses can also alter their skin texture. They can raise bumps, ridges, and spikes on their skin to communicate aggression or submission. By changing the texture of their skin, octopuses can intimidate rivals or attract mates. This tactile form of communication allows them to convey messages without making a sound. Octopuses also communicate through body posture and movement. They can contort their bodies into various shapes and positions to express dominance or submission. By raising their arms, puffing up their bodies, or changing their posture, octopuses can signal their intentions to other individuals. These subtle movements convey complex messages that help them navigate social interactions. Furthermore, octopuses use chemical signals to communicate with each other. They release ink into the water to create a cloud that confuses predators or rivals. This ink contains chemicals that can deter threats and communicate danger. By releasing ink, octopuses can protect themselves and alert nearby individuals to potential risks.- Octopuses are highly adept communicators who use a combination of visual, tactile, and chemical signals to interact with their environment. Their ability to change color, texture, posture, and movement allows them to convey a wide range of messages to other individuals. By utilizing multiple forms of communication, octopuses are able to navigate complex social dynamics and establish relationships with their counterparts in the ocean.
