The state should be organized in a hierarchical structure from "summary" of The Republic of Plato by Plato
In our ideal state, it is necessary for us to establish a hierarchical structure that reflects the natural order of the world. Just as in the human body, where the head rules over the body and the rational mind governs the irrational desires, so too must our state adhere to a similar structure. At the pinnacle of this hierarchy is the philosopher-king, who embodies wisdom, knowledge, and virtue. It is through their guidance and leadership that the state can achieve harmony and justice. Beneath them are the guardians, whose duty is to protect and defend the state from external threats. These guardians must be courageous, disciplined, and obedient to the philosopher-king's command. Next in line are the producers, who are responsible for providing the necessities of life for the entire state. While they may not possess the same level of wisdom or courage as the philosopher-kings or guardians, their role is no less important. Each class has its own distinct function and contribution to the overall well-being of the state. By organizing the state in this hierarchical manner, we can ensure that each individual fulfills their designated role and works towards the common good. Just as the body functions most effectively when each part performs its specific task, so too will the state operate smoothly when each class carries out its responsibilities. Through this hierarchical structure, we can create a society that is just, harmonious, and prosperous. It is only through embracing this natural order that we can achieve true excellence and fulfillment as a collective body. The state must be organized in such a way that honors the inherent differences and abilities of its citizens, guiding them towards their highest potential.
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