The weak force causes nuclear decay from "summary" of The Quantum Universe by Brian Cox,Jeff Forshaw
The weak force is responsible for causing nuclear decay, a process in which the nucleus of an atom undergoes a transformation. This force is one of the four fundamental forces of nature, alongside gravity, electromagnetism, and the strong force. While the strong force holds atomic nuclei together, the weak force is involved in processes that lead to the transformation of particles within the nucleus. Nuclear decay occurs when an unstable nucleus changes into a more stable configuration by emitting particles or energy. This process can take various forms, including beta decay, in which a neutron decays into a proton, an electron, and an antineutrino. The weak force mediates this decay by allowing the transformation of particles and the exchange of energy. One of the key features of the weak force is its short range compared to the other fundamental forces. This short range is due to the massive particles, known as W and Z bosons, that mediate the weak force interactions. These bosons are heavy, which limits the range over which the weak force can act. As a result, the weak force only influences particles within the nucleus, making it crucial for nuclear processes such as decay. Understanding the weak force and its role in nuclear decay is essential for comprehending the behavior of atomic nuclei and the processes that govern their stability. By studying the interactions mediated by the weak force, scientists can gain insights into the fundamental processes that shape the universe at the smallest scales. The weak force may be weak in comparison to other forces, but its impact on nuclear decay is profound and far-reaching.
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