Effective field theories simplify complex interactions from "summary" of The Quantum Theory of Fields by Steven Weinberg,Weinberg S
Effective field theories are powerful tools in the realm of quantum field theory as they allow us to simplify complex interactions that would otherwise be too intricate to handle. By focusing only on the relevant degrees of freedom and energies within a given regime, we can construct effective field theories that capture the essence of the physics at play without getting bogged down in unnecessary details. The simplification provided by effective field theories is achieved by integrating out high-energy degrees of freedom that are not crucial for describing the low-energy behavior of a system. This process of renormalization allows us to systematically remove irrelevant terms from our calculations, resulting in a more manageable and intuitive theory that still accurately describ...
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