Nature of Knowledge from "summary" of The Problems of Philosophy by Bertrand Russell
Knowledge, in the most general sense, is what we know. It consists of beliefs that are true, and it is distinguished from mere opinion by the fact that knowledge is justified. This means that knowledge is not a matter of mere belief, but is belief that is based upon evidence. The question of what can be known, and how it can be known, is one of the oldest and most fundamental questions in philosophy. One way of understanding the nature of knowledge is to consider the distinction between knowledge and belief. Belief is a mental state that takes a proposition to be true, whereas knowledge is a mental state that is both true and justified. This means that knowledge requires more than mere belief; it requires that the belief be supported by evidence or reasons. Without such support, a belief may be true, but it does not cou...
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