Quantum field theory unifies quantum mechanics with special relativity from "summary" of The Principles of Quantum Mechanics by P. A. M. Dirac
Quantum field theory provides a framework for combining the principles of quantum mechanics with those of special relativity. Quantum mechanics deals with the behavior of particles on a small scale, while special relativity governs the behavior of objects moving at high speeds. By unifying these two theories, quantum field theory allows us to describe the interactions between particles in a way that is consistent with both quantum mechanics and special relativity. In quantum field theory, particles are not treated as separate entities but as excitations of underlying fields that permeate all of space. These fields interact with each other by exchanging virtual particles, which mediate the forces between particles. This approach allows us to describe the behavior of particles in a way that is consistent with the principles of quantum mechanics, where particles can exist in superposition states and be in multiple places at once. Special relativity introduces the concept of spacetime, where space and time are combined into a single entity. In this framework, the laws of physics must be invariant under Lorentz transformations, which describe how measurements of space and time change when viewed from different inertial frames. Quantum field theory ensures that the equations describing the behavior of particles are Lorentz invariant, allowing us to make predictions that are consistent with the principles of special relativity. By unifying quantum mechanics with special relativity, quantum field theory provides a powerful tool for describing the behavior of particles at high energies and speeds. It allows us to understand phenomena such as the interactions between particles in particle accelerators and the behavior of particles in extreme environments, such as black holes. This framework has been successful in making predictions that have been confirmed by experimental observations, demonstrating its power to describe the fundamental forces of nature.
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