Valence electrons determine an element's chemical behavior from "summary" of The Periodic Table: A Very Short Introduction by Eric R. Scerri
The behavior of an element in a chemical reaction is largely determined by the number of electrons in its outermost shell, known as valence electrons. These are the electrons that are involved in forming chemical bonds with other atoms. The number of valence electrons an element possesses can be easily determined by its position on the periodic table. Elements in the same group on the periodic table have the same number of valence electrons, which results in similar chemical behavior. For example, all elements in Group 1 have one valence electron, while those in Group 17 have seven valence electrons. This similarity in valence electron configuration is what leads to the formation of families or groups of elements with comparable chemical properties. The periodic table is structured in such a way that elements with similar valence electron configurations are placed in close proximity to one another. This arran...
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