Trends in properties can be observed within groups and periods from "summary" of The Periodic Table: A Very Short Introduction by Eric R. Scerri
The periodic table is a powerful tool that allows us to organize and understand the behavior of elements. One of the key concepts that can be observed through the periodic table is the idea that trends in properties can be observed within groups and periods. This means that elements within the same group or period tend to exhibit similar characteristics or behaviors. Within groups, elements have the same number of valence electrons, which are the electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom. This shared electron configuration gives elements in the same group similar chemical properties. For example, all of the elements in Group 1 (the alkali metals) are highly reactive and tend to form ionic compounds...
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