The periodic table is divided into periods and groups from "summary" of The Periodic Table: A Very Short Introduction by Eric R. Scerri
The periodic table is organized into rows and columns, known respectively as periods and groups. Each horizontal row represents a period, and each vertical column represents a group. The elements are arranged in such a way that those with similar properties appear in the same vertical group. This arrangement allows for easy identification of trends and patterns in the behavior of elements. Periods are numbered from 1 to 7, starting with the first row at the top of the table. As you move from left to right across a period, the atomic number of the elements increases. This results in a gradual change in the properties of the elements within the same period. The elements in the same period have the same number of electron shells, which influences their chemical behavior. Groups, on the other hand, are labeled with numbers and letters. The elements within the same group have similar chemical properties because they have the same number of valence electrons. Valence electrons are the outermost electrons ...
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