Cardinal and ordinal numerals from "summary" of The parts of speech. Section I. A, Nouns, adjectives and articles. B, Pronouns and numerals. Section II, The verb and the particles by Hendrik Poutsma
Cardinal numerals are used to express how many of something there are, while ordinal numerals indicate the order in which things appear. Cardinal numerals answer the question "how many?" For example, in the sentence "There are five apples," the word "five" is a cardinal numeral because it tells us the quantity of apples. Ordinal numerals, on the other hand, answer the question "in what order?" For instance, in the sentence "She came in third place," the word "third" is an ordinal numeral because it shows the position in which she finished. It is important to note that cardinal numerals are used when counting objects or quantities, while ordinal numerals are used to describe the position or order of those objects. In English, the cardinal numerals are relatively straightforward, as they are simply the numbers themselves (e. g., one, two, three). Ordinal numerals, however, are formed by adding a suffix to the cardinal numeral (e. g., first, second, third). Understanding the distinction between cardinal and ordinal numerals is crucial for proper communication and clarity in both spoken and written language. By using the correct type of numeral, one can accurately convey quantities and order in a way that is easily understood by others.
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