China and India have strong states from early history from "summary" of The Origins of Political Order by Francis Fukuyama
From ancient times, China and India have been known for their powerful and centralized states. These states were not merely administrative structures, but rather institutions that possessed the ability to extract resources from their subjects and maintain order within their territories. In China, the concept of the state as an all-powerful entity dates back to the time of the Shang Dynasty, around 1600-1046 BCE. The state was seen as the ultimate authority, with the Emperor at its helm, governing through a sophisticated bureaucracy that extended its reach throughout the vast empire. Similarly, in India, strong states emerged early on, with the Mauryan Empire being one of the most prominent examples. Founded by Chandragupta Maurya in the 4th century BCE, this empire exerted control over a large portion of the Indian subcontinent, establishing a centralized administration and implementing policies to ensure stability and unity. The state was supported by a complex system of governance, which included officials, tax collectors, and military forces that hel...
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