Balance of power as a key concept in international politics from "summary" of The Origins of Political Order by Francis Fukuyama
The concept of balance of power has long been a central feature of international politics. It is based on the idea that no single state should be allowed to dominate others, as this would lead to instability and conflict. Instead, power should be distributed among multiple states in such a way that no one state is able to exert its will over the others. This concept has its roots in the realist school of international relations, which views states as self-interested actors seeking to maximize their power and security. According to realists, the international system is inherently anarchic, with no higher authority to enforce rules or resolve disputes. In this environment, states must rely on their own resources and alliances to protect their interests. The balance of power helps to prevent the emergence of a hegemon, or dominant state, which could threaten the security of other states. By creating a rough equilibrium of power among states, the balance of power discourages aggression and encourages cooperation. States are more likely to negotiate and compromise when they know...
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