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Species arise through natural selection from "summary" of The Origin of Species by Charles Darwin

The process by which new species arise is a result of the natural selection of individuals that are best adapted to their environment. This concept, which I have called natural selection, is the key mechanism driving the evolution of species over time. Natural selection operates by favoring those individuals with traits that increase their chances of survival and reproduction in a given environment. These advantageous traits are passed on to future generations, leading to an increase in their frequency within the population. Over time, this process can result in the formation of new species with distinct characteristics. The environment plays a crucial role in shaping the traits of individuals within a population. Variations in traits can arise through genetic mutations or genetic recombination, providing a pool of diversity from which natural selection can act up...
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    The Origin of Species

    Charles Darwin

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