Common descent links all living organisms from "summary" of The Origin of Species by Charles Darwin
Darwin proposes that all living organisms on Earth are connected through a shared ancestry, tracing back to a common origin. This concept of common descent forms the foundation of his theory of evolution. By observing the similarities in structure, function, and genetic makeup among different species, Darwin concludes that all organisms are related through a process of gradual modification over time. The idea of common descent challenges the traditional view that each species was independently created by a divine being. Instead, Darwin suggests that all living beings are part of a continuous tree of life, branching out from a single common ancestor. This interconnectedness explains the unity and diversity of life on Earth, as organisms have evolved and diversified through natural selection and adaptation to their environments. Through the mechanism of natural selection, those organisms with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing on these beneficial characteristics to future generations. Over time, these small variations accumulate and lead to the formation of new species, while still maintaining a connection to their ancestral roots. This process of descent with modification accounts for the diversity of life forms we see today. Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection provides a comprehensive explanation for the patterns of similarity and diversity observed in the natural world. It offers a coherent framework to understand the relationships between different species and their shared history. By recognizing the common descent of all living organisms, we can appreciate the interconnectedness of life and the unity of the biological world.
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