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There are distinct pathways in the brain for addition and subtraction from "summary" of The Number Sense by Stanislas Dehaene

Human cognition demonstrates remarkable versatility in processing numerical operations. Addition and subtraction, while closely related, engage different neural pathways. Research indicates that these operations are not merely inverse functions; they activate distinct regions in the brain, suggesting a specialized architecture for arithmetic. When tackling addition, brain imaging studies reveal heightened activity in regions such as the parietal lobes. These areas are implicated in numerical representation and manipulation. This activation highlights the brain’s ability to combine quantities, integrating them into a cohesive total. The process of summing involves visualizing the quantities and the relationships between them, a function deeply rooted in our cognitive structure. Conversely, subtraction engages a different set of neural resources. It often requires a more complex cognitive process, particularly when the operation involves larger numbers or requires borrowing. Ne...
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    The Number Sense

    Stanislas Dehaene

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