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Evolution by natural selection from "summary" of The Magic of Reality by Richard Dawkins
Evolution by natural selection is a beautifully simple idea that can explain the complexity and diversity of life on Earth. The process starts with the fact that individuals within a species vary in their characteristics. Some might be faster, stronger, or have different colors or patterns than others. These variations are caused by differences in genes, which are passed down from generation to generation. In every generation, there is competition for resources such as food, water, and mates. Not all individuals will survive to reproduce and pass on their genes to the next generation. Those with characteristics that are better suited to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing on their advantageous genes. This is the concept of survival of the fittest. Over time, these small changes can accumulate, leading to significant differences between populations of the same species. If the environment changes, individuals with certain traits may be bett...
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