Witness testimonies are often subject to memory distortion from "summary" of The Invisible Gorilla by Christopher Chabris,Daniel Simons
Human memory is a curious thing. It has the remarkable ability to store vast amounts of information, but it is also prone to distortion. When it comes to witness testimonies, this tendency for memory distortion can have significant implications. In the criminal justice system, witness testimonies play a crucial role in determining the guilt or innocence of a defendant. However, research has shown that memory is not always as reliable as we might think. Memory distortion can occur for a variety of reasons. For example, witnesses may inadvertently fill in gaps in their memory with information that seems plausible but is actually false. This phenomenon, known as confabulation, can lead to the creation of entirely fabricated memories. In addition, the very act of recalling a memory can alter it. Each time a memory is retrieved, it becomes susceptible to change. Details may be added, omitted, or altered in some way. Over time, these changes can accumulate, leading to a distorted version of events. Furthermore, factors such as stress, leading questions, and the passage of time can all contribute to memory distortion. Witnesses who are under duress may be more likely to inaccurately recall details of an event. Similarly, the way in which a question is phrased can influence the way in which a witness recalls an event.- It is essential for those involved in the legal system to be aware of the potential for memory distortion in witness testimonies. Techniques such as cognitive interviews and careful questioning can help mitigate the impact of memory errors. Ultimately, the goal should be to seek the truth while acknowledging the limitations of human memory.
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