Race and ethnicity impact opportunities from "summary" of The Haves and the Have-Nots by Branko Milanovic
The opportunities available to individuals are not solely determined by their individual qualities or efforts. Race and ethnicity can play a significant role in shaping the opportunities that individuals have access to. This is because race and ethnicity can impact how individuals are perceived and treated by society as a whole. In many societies, certain racial or ethnic groups face systemic discrimination and marginalization, which can limit their access to education, employment, healthcare, and other resources. This can create a cycle of disadvantage, where individuals from these groups are less likely to be able to improve their socio-economic status compared to those from more privileged groups. Moreover, race and ethnicity can also impact individuals' social networks and connections, which are often crucial in accessing opportunities. People tend to associate and network with those who are similar to them, whether consciously or unconsciously. This can result in individuals from marginalized racial or ethnic groups having limited access to influential networks and opportunities. Additionally, the historical legacy of racism and colonialism can continue to shape opportunities for different racial and ethnic groups today. For example, individuals from historically marginalized groups may face barriers in accessing quality education or professional opportunities due to the legacy of discriminatory policies and practices.- It is important to recognize that race and ethnicity are not neutral factors when it comes to opportunities. Instead, they can significantly influence the opportunities available to individuals and perpetuate inequality and social stratification. It is essential to address these systemic issues in order to create a more inclusive and equitable society for all individuals, regardless of their race or ethnicity.
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