Industrial revolution disrupts traditional societies from "summary" of The Great Transformation by Karl Polanyi
The Industrial Revolution brought about a profound transformation in society, as traditional ways of life were upended by the rapid changes in technology, economics, and social structures. This period of upheaval disrupted the established order and forced people to adapt to new ways of living and working. One of the major consequences of the Industrial Revolution was the shift from a predominantly agrarian society to an industrial one. The introduction of new manufacturing processes and machinery led to the growth of urban centers and the decline of rural communities. This massive migration of people from the countryside to the cities had far-reaching effects on social relationships and cultural practices. The traditional bonds of kinship and community that had long defined rural life were weakened as individuals moved away in search of employment in the factories. This break from the past created a sense of dislocation and alienation among many people, who found themselves adrift in a rapidly changing world. Furthermore, the Industrial Revolution fundamentally altered the relationship between labor and capital. As factories replaced small-scale production, workers became increasingly dependent on their employers for wages and livelihoods. This shift in power dynamics led to the exploitation of labor and the rise of class tensions between workers and factory owners. The commodification of labor and the emergence of a market-based economy also had profound implications for social relationships. Traditional forms of reciprocity and mutual support were eroded as individuals were compelled to compete for jobs and resources in an increasingly competitive marketplace. In this way, the Industrial Revolution disrupted the traditional social fabric of society, ushering in a new era of industrial capitalism that challenged long-held beliefs and practices. The upheaval caused by this period of transformation laid the groundwork for the modern world we inhabit today, where the forces of industrialization continue to shape our lives in profound and complex ways.
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