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Ancient rites and ceremonies from "summary" of The Golden Bough by James George Frazer

The customs of rude or savage tribes which have been practiced from time immemorial in connection with certain natural phenomena, such as the change of seasons, the succession of day and night, the waxing and waning of the moon, and the growth of vegetation, are known as ancient rites and ceremonies. These rites and ceremonies are performed with the object of influencing these natural processes in such a way as to promote the welfare of mankind, especially in the way of providing food, securing protection against danger, and ensuring health and prosperity. The belief underlying these rites and ceremonies is that the forces of nature are animated by conscious beings, who can be influenced by human activities, particularly by the performance of certain rites and ceremonies. This belief is based on the idea that there is a close connection between man and nature, and that by performing certain actions man can control the forces of nature and thereby secure the desired outcome. Thus, the ancient rites and ceremonies are essentially magical in nature, being based on the belief in the efficacy of certain actions to produce certain results. The performance of these rites and ceremonies is usually entrusted to a special class of persons, known as priests or medicine men, who are believed to possess special powers or knowledge enabling them to control the forces of nature. These priests or medicine men are regarded as intermediaries between the human and divine worlds, and it is through their agency that the desired results are believed to be obtained. The rites and ceremonies themselves are usually of a symbolic character, consisting of gestures, words, and actions which are believed to have a magical effect on the forces of nature. The rites and ceremonies are usually performed at certain times and in certain places which are regarded as sacred or auspicious. These times and places are believed to be especially conducive to the performance of the rites and ceremonies, as they are thought to be particularly favorable to the manipulation of the forces of nature. The rites and ceremonies are often accompanied by sacrifices, offerings, and prayers, which are intended to propitiate the gods or spirits and induce them to grant the desired favors. The belief in the efficacy of ancient rites and ceremonies is deeply ingrained in the minds of primitive peoples, who regard them as essential to their welfare and prosperity. These rites and ceremonies are not only performed as a matter of tradition or custom, but are believed to be necessary for the continued well-being of the community. Thus, the performance of ancient rites and ceremonies is not merely a form of entertainment or ritual, but is regarded as a
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    The Golden Bough

    James George Frazer

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