Evolution is a decentralized phenomenon from "summary" of The Evolution of Everything by Matt Ridley
Evolution is not a top-down process directed by a single authority or a grand plan. Instead, it is a decentralized phenomenon, driven by countless interactions between individuals at the local level. Each individual, whether it's a bacterium, a plant, or an animal, acts in its own self-interest, responding to the environment and other organisms around it. Through these interactions, patterns emerge, behaviors evolve, and species adapt over time. Decentralization allows for experimentation and innovation to occur on a small scale, without the need for central control or coordination. It is through this process of trial and error that new traits are developed and passed on to future generations. This bottom-up approach to evolution is not only more efficient but also more resilient to changes in the environment. It allows for diversity to flourish and...
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