The idea of vibrating strings as the building blocks of the universe from "summary" of The Elegant Universe: Superstrings, Hidden Dimensions, and the Quest for the Ultimate Theory by Brian Greene
The notion that the fundamental constituents of the cosmos are not point-like particles but tiny, vibrating strings represents a profound departure from the way we have traditionally thought about the basic building blocks of the universe. Rather than being dimensionless points, the strings possess a certain length, albeit incredibly minuscule, and can oscillate in a variety of different modes. These vibrations, or resonances, determine the properties of the particles that we observe in nature, such as their mass and charge. In this framework, the different particles that make up the universe are essentially different vibrational patterns of the same fundamental string. Just as different notes on a stringed instrument correspond to different musical tones, the various particles arise from the distinct vibrational modes of the tiny strings. The harmonies and disharmonies of these vibrations give rise to the rich tapestry of particles and forces t...
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