The different vibrational modes of strings from "summary" of The Elegant Universe: Superstrings, Hidden Dimensions, and the Quest for the Ultimate Theory by Brian Greene
The vibrational modes of strings play a crucial role in the framework of string theory. These modes essentially determine the fundamental properties of a string, such as its mass and charge. The vibration of a string is analogous to the vibration of a guitar string producing different musical notes. In the case of strings, however, these vibrations are not audible but rather represent the different energy states that a string can occupy. Each string is capable of vibrating in a variety of ways, which correspond to different energy levels. These vibrational modes are quantized, meaning they can only exist in specific discrete values. The lowest energy state corresponds to the string at rest, while higher energy states involve more complex vibrations. The vibrational modes of strings are classified into two m...
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