Public goods are nonexcludable and non-rivalrous from "summary" of The Economics Book by DK
Public goods are goods that are nonexcludable and non-rivalrous. Nonexcludable means that it is impossible to exclude anyone from benefiting from the good once it is provided. This is because it is difficult to charge people who do not pay for the good. For example, if a lighthouse is built to guide ships safely to shore, it is impossible to prevent ships from using its light to navigate, regardless of whether they have contributed to its maintenance or not. Non-rivalrous means that one person's consumption of the good does not reduce the amount available for others to consume. In other words, the consumption of the good by one person does not take away from its availability for others. For instance, national defense is a public good because one person's protection does not diminish the protection available to others. These cha...
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