The relationship between brain size and intelligence from "summary" of The Descent of Man by Charles Darwin
In the animal series, we have seen that the brain of an ant is small in size compared to that of a bee, but the ant displays a higher degree of intelligence than the bee. The Orang, one of the anthropoid apes, has a brain larger than that of a baboon, but the baboon is more intelligent. The gorilla, chimpanzee, and orang are almost like men in their mental powers. When the skull of a microcephalous idiot is compared to that of a man, or of a low-bred woman to that of a woman of higher race, one cannot say that there is any great disproportion in the size of the brain. The brain of a new-born child is relatively large to its body than the adult's brain.
On the other hand, the brain of a human baby, at a very young age, is much larger than that of a chimpanzee of the same age. As humans grow, the brain increases in size to a greater extent than in the anthropoid apes. The difference in the size of the adult brain does not seem so great when compared to the size of the body...
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