Spengler views history cyclically from "summary" of The Decline of the West by Oswald Spengler
Spengler argues that history follows a cyclical pattern, much like the seasons or the life cycle of a living organism. Just as spring turns into summer, which then gives way to autumn and winter, civilizations go through stages of growth, maturity, decline, and eventual collapse. This cyclical view of history stands in contrast to the linear conception promoted by Enlightenment thinkers, who saw human progress as a steady march towards a better future. According to Spengler, each civilization has its own unique "soul" or essence, which shapes its cultural, artistic, and scientific achievements. This soul goes through a predictable lifecycle, beginning with a period of dynamic expansion and creativity, followed by a phase of stability and maturity, and eventually leading to stagnation and decay. This process is not random or chaotic but rather go...
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