Happiness is not the goal of morality from "summary" of THE CRITIQUE OF PRACTICAL REASON by Immanuel Kant
In considering the concept of morality, it is important to recognize that happiness is not the ultimate goal. While happiness may be a desirable outcome of moral actions, it is not the driving force behind moral decision-making. Instead, morality is concerned with the inherent worth and dignity of individuals, and the duty to uphold universal moral principles. When we act morally, we are not simply seeking personal happiness or satisfaction. Rather, we are guided by a sense of duty and responsibility towards others. This duty is grounded in the idea of treating individuals as ends in themselves, rather than as means to an end. It is about recognizing the intrinsic value of every human being, and acting in a way that upholds this value. In this sense, morality transcends mere subjective feelings of happiness or pleasure. It is about acting in accordance with universal moral laws that apply to all rational beings. These moral laws are not based on the pursuit of happiness, but on the principles of reason and rationality. They dictate how we should treat others, regardless of our own personal desires or inclinations. By prioritizing duty over happiness, we are able to act in a way that is consistent with our moral principles. This requires us to make decisions based on what is morally right, rather than what will bring us the most pleasure or satisfaction. It is a recognition that true moral worth comes from acting in accordance with duty, even when it may not lead to personal happiness.- The concept that happiness is not the goal of morality is central to understanding the true nature of moral decision-making. By recognizing the importance of duty and universal moral principles, we can act in a way that upholds the inherent worth and dignity of all individuals. This is the essence of morality, and it requires us to prioritize the well-being of others over our own personal happiness.
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