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Freedom is necessary for moral responsibility from "summary" of THE CRITIQUE OF PRACTICAL REASON by Immanuel Kant

In order to understand the concept that freedom is necessary for moral responsibility, we must first consider the nature of moral actions. Moral actions are those that are performed out of a sense of duty, rather than out of self-interest or desire. This sense of duty implies that we have the ability to choose between different courses of action, and that our choices are not determined by external factors. If we are to be held morally responsible for our actions, then we must have the freedom to choose between different courses of action. This freedom is necessary because without it, our actions would be determined by factors beyond our control, such as our desires or external circumstances. If our actions are determined in this way, then it would be difficult to hold us morally responsible for them, as we would not have had the ability to choose otherwise. Furthermore, if we...
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    THE CRITIQUE OF PRACTICAL REASON

    Immanuel Kant

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