Mutations drive genetic variation from "summary" of The Biology Book by DK
Mutations, or changes in the DNA sequence, play a crucial role in driving genetic variation within populations. These alterations can arise spontaneously during DNA replication or through exposure to external factors such as radiation or chemicals. While some mutations may be harmful and lead to genetic disorders, others can provide an evolutionary advantage by creating new traits that enhance an organism's ability to survive and reproduce. Genetic variation is essential for the process of natural selection, where individuals with advantageous traits are more likely to thrive and pass on their genes to future generations. Mutations introduce new genetic material into a population, increasing the diversity of traits available for selection. This diversity allows for adaptation to changing environmental conditions and the emergence of new species over time. Mutations can occur at different scales, from single nucleotide changes to large-scale chromosomal rearrangements. Point mutations, where a single nucleotide is substituted, inserted, or deleted, are the most common type of mutation. These small changes can have significant impacts on an organism's phenotype, influencing traits such as coloration, behavior, or disease resistance. Chromosomal mutations involve larger segments of DNA and can result in more drastic alterations, such as the duplication or deletion of entire genes. These changes can have profound effects on an organism's development and physiology, leading to the evolution of new species with unique characteristics.- Mutations drive genetic variation by introducing new genetic material and creating diversity within populations. This variation is essential for the process of natural selection and the adaptation of organisms to their environments. Without mutations, populations would lack the genetic diversity needed to survive and thrive in a constantly changing world.
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