The decline of violence is not predetermined or irreversible from "summary" of The Better Angels of Our Nature by Steven Pinker
The notion that the decline of violence is not predetermined or irreversible is a crucial one to keep in mind when considering the trajectory of human history. It is tempting to fall into the trap of assuming that progress is inevitable, that humanity is on an upward slope towards ever greater peace and prosperity. However, this belief is not only unwarranted but also dangerous. History is full of examples of societies that have regressed, of periods of peace giving way to war and chaos. The decline of violence is not a linear process, but rather a complex and contingent one. It is the result of a multitude of factors, from cultural norms to institutional structures to individual decisions. These factors can interact in unpredictable ways, leading to sudden shifts in the prevalence of violence. For example, the outbreak of a new conflict or the rise of a charismatic leader can quickly reverse the downward trend in violence. Moreover, the decline of violence is not immune to external shocks. Natural disasters, economic crises, pandemics – all of these can disrupt the delicate balance that sustains peace and security. In times of crisis, people may be more inclined to turn to violence as a means of asserting control or securing resources. The institutions and norms that once kept violence in check may prove inadequate in the face of these challenges. In the face of these uncertainties, it is important to remain vigilant and proactive in the pursuit of peace. The decline of violence is not a given; it must be actively maintained and defended. This requires a constant reassessment of the factors that contribute to peace, as well as a willingness to adapt to changing circumstances. By recognizing the fragility of peace, we can better appreciate the importance of continued effort and vigilance in the ongoing struggle against violence.
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