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The decline of violence is due to the rise of civilizations from "summary" of The Better Angels of Our Nature by Steven Pinker

The decline of violence over the course of human history is a phenomenon that has puzzled scholars and thinkers for centuries. Many theories have been proposed to explain this trend, ranging from the influence of religion and morality to the spread of democracy and human rights. However, one of the most compelling explanations for this decline is the rise of civilizations. Civilizations, with their complex social structures, institutions, and technologies, have played a crucial role in reducing violence and promoting peace among human societies. As Steven Pinker argues in his book, "The Better Angels of Our Nature," civilizations have provided the necessary framework for the development of norms and laws that discourage violent behavior and encourage cooperation and conflict resolution. One of the key ways in which civilizations have contributed to the decline of violence is through the establishment of centralized legal systems and mechanisms of justice. By creating impartial courts, laws, and law enforcement agencies, civilizations have been able to enforce norms and punish those who engage in violent behavior. This has helped to deter potential aggressors and maintain order within society. Furthermore, civilizations have also played a crucial role in promoting empathy and compassion among individuals. Through the development of literature, art, and education, civilizations have been able to cultivate a sense of empathy and understanding towards others. This has helped to reduce inter-group conflicts and promote peaceful coexistence among different communities. Moreover, the rise of civilizations has also led to the development of technologies and institutions that have made violence less necessary and less effective as a means of achieving one's goals. For example, the development of agriculture and trade has made it possible for societies to meet their material needs without resorting to violence. Similarly, the rise of diplomacy and international organizations has provided alternative means of resolving conflicts between nations without resorting to war.
  1. The decline of violence can be attributed in large part to the rise of civilizations. By providing the necessary framework for the development of norms, laws, and institutions that discourage violence and promote peace, civilizations have played a crucial role in shaping human behavior and reducing the incidence of violence in human societies.
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The Better Angels of Our Nature

Steven Pinker

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