Rockets work by expelling gas at high speeds from "summary" of Rocket Science: A Beginner's Guide to the Fundamentals of Spaceflight by Andrew Rader
Rocket propulsion is a fundamental concept in spaceflight, allowing spacecraft to overcome the forces of gravity and travel through the vacuum of space. At the heart of rocket propulsion is the principle of Newton's third law of motion: for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. In the case of rockets, this means that by expelling gas at high speeds in one direction, the rocket is propelled in the opposite direction. The process of expelling gas at high speeds to generate thrust is known as propulsion. Rockets achieve this by burning a propellant, such as liquid fuel or solid propellant, in a combustion chamber. The burning propellant produces hot gases that are expelled through a nozzle at the back of the rocket. As the gases are expelled at high speeds, they ...
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