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Traditional magical practices were increasingly marginalized in society from "summary" of Religion and the Decline of Magic by Keith Thomas

Traditional magical practices, such as astrology, alchemy, and witchcraft, faced a decline in societal acceptance during the early modern period. As society became more rational and scientific, these practices were viewed as superstitious and irrational. The rise of Protestantism also played a role in marginalizing traditional magic, as it emphasized a more literal interpretation of the Bible and discouraged beliefs in supernatural phenomena. Moreover, the growing influence of the state and the church led to increased regulation and persecution of magical practitioners. Laws were enacted to suppress witchcraft and other magical activities, with severe punishments for those found guilty. This legal crackdown further pushed traditional magical practices to the fringes of society. Additionally, the rise of printing and literacy contributed to the decline of magic, as it provided access to new ideas and knowledge that challenged traditional beliefs. Scientific discoveries and advances in technology also undermined the credibility of magical practices, as people turned to more empirical and rational explanations for natural phenomena. Furthermore, the changing economic and social conditions of the early modern period played a role in marginalizing traditional magic. As society became more urbanized and industrialized, traditional beliefs and practices were seen as outdated and out of touch with the modern world. The increasing professionalization of fields such as medicine and law also marginalized magical practitioners, as their expertise and authority were called into question.
  1. The decline of traditional magical practices in early modern society can be attributed to a combination of factors, including the rise of rationalism, the influence of Protestantism, legal persecution, intellectual advancements, and changing social and economic conditions. These forces worked together to push magic to the margins of society, where it was increasingly viewed as antiquated and irrelevant.
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Religion and the Decline of Magic

Keith Thomas

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