Superconducting circuits and trapped ions are two leading approaches in quantum computing from "summary" of Quantum Supremacy by Michio Kaku
Superconducting circuits and trapped ions are two leading approaches in quantum computing. Superconducting circuits involve tiny loops of superconducting material that can carry electric current without resistance. These circuits are manipulated using microwave pulses and cooled to temperatures near absolute zero to maintain their quantum properties. Trapped ions, on the other hand, involve individual atoms that are trapped and manipulated using electric fields. By isolating these ions, researchers can control their quantum states with precision. Superconducting circuits have gained popularity due to their scalability and ease of manipulation. They can be fabricated using standard microfabrication techniques, making them relatively simple to produce. Additionally, their quantum states can be controlled using microwave pulses, allowing for efficient computation. Trapped ions, on the other hand, offer long coherence times, making them suitable for error correction in quantum algorithms. By isolating individual ions, researchers can reduce the effects of decoherence and maintain the quantum state for longer periods. While superconducting circuits are more susceptible to noise and require complex wiring for connectivity, trapped ions offer a more stable quantum environment. However, trapped ions are more challenging to manipulate and require sophisticated laser systems for control. Despite these differences, both approaches have made significant progress in recent years, with researchers achieving milestones in quantum error correction and quantum supremacy experiments. In the race towards practical quantum computers, both superconducting circuits and trapped ions have their strengths and weaknesses. Superconducting circuits offer scalability and ease of manipulation, while trapped ions provide stability and long coherence times. As researchers continue to improve these technologies, the future of quantum computing holds great promise for solving complex problems beyond the reach of classical computers.
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